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A.R.S. § 14-10802

Duty of Loyalty to Beneficiaries

Verified April 4, 202657th Legislature, 1st Regular Session

A trustee must manage the trust solely in the interests of the beneficiaries. Transactions where the trustee has a personal conflict are voidable. Exceptions exist when the trust authorizes a transaction, a court approves it, or a beneficiary consents.

Title 14, ARIZONA TRUST CODE

azleg.gov

Loyalty Means No Self-Dealing

The duty of loyalty is one of the most important duties a trustee carries. The rule is straightforward: the trustee manages trust property for the beneficiaries, not for personal gain.

A trustee shall administer the trust solely in the interests of the beneficiaries.

A.R.S. § 14-10802(A)

Any transaction involving the trustee's own personal account or interests creates a conflict. The law treats those transactions as voidable.

Self-dealing covers more ground than most people expect. For example, selling trust property to yourself or buying assets at a discount violates this duty. Using trust funds for personal expenses also violates it.

The statute presumes a conflict in certain cases. This means transactions with a spouse, parent, sibling, descendant, agent, or attorney face extra scrutiny.

When Conflicted Transactions Are Allowed

Not every conflict automatically voids a transaction. The trust document itself may authorize certain transactions. A court can also approve them.

A beneficiary who fully understands the situation can consent or ratify the action. The trustee must show the transaction serves the beneficiaries' interests.

A sale, encumbrance or other transaction involving the investment or management of trust property entered into by the trustee for the trustee's own personal account or that is otherwise affected by a conflict between the trustee's fiduciary and personal interests is voidable by a beneficiary affected by the transaction.

A.R.S. § 14-10802(B)

The statute also permits fair transactions like reasonable trustee compensation. It allows deposits in a financial institution the trustee operates. It also covers advances the trustee makes to protect the trust.

The key word is "fair." If a transaction benefits the trustee at the beneficiaries' expense, it fails the loyalty test.

A trustee who works at a regulated financial institution must be especially careful. The overlap between personal business interests and trust management can lead to challenges. Keeping clear records helps show that every decision served the beneficiaries' benefit.

A. A trustee shall administer the trust solely in the interests of the beneficiaries. B. Subject to the rights of persons dealing with or assisting the trustee as provided in section 14-11012, a sale, encumbrance or other transaction involving the investment or management of trust property entered into by the trustee for the trustee's own personal account or that is otherwise affected by a conflict between the trustee's fiduciary and personal interests is voidable by a beneficiary affected by the transaction unless either: 1. The transaction was authorized by the terms of the trust. 2. The transaction was approved by the court. 3. The beneficiary did not commence a judicial proceeding within the time allowed by section 14-11005. 4. The beneficiary consented to the trustee's conduct, ratified the transaction or released the trustee in compliance with section 14-11009. 5. The transaction involves a contract entered into or claim acquired by the trustee before the person became or contemplated becoming trustee. C. A sale, encumbrance or other transaction involving the investment or management of trust property is presumed to be affected by a conflict between personal and fiduciary interests if it is entered into by the trustee with: 1. The trustee's spouse. 2. The trustee's descendants, siblings or parents or their spouses. 3. An agent or attorney of the trustee. 4. A corporation or other person or enterprise in which the trustee, or a person that owns a significant interest in the trustee, has an interest that might affect the trustee's best judgment. D. A transaction between a trustee and a beneficiary that does not concern trust property but that occurs during the existence of the trust or while the trustee retains significant influence over the beneficiary and from which the trustee obtains an advantage is voidable by the beneficiary unless the trustee establishes that the transaction was fair to the benefic...

This page provides general legal information about Arizona statutes and is not legal advice. For guidance on how this law applies to your situation, speak with a qualified attorney.

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