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A.R.S. § 14-1107

How Arizona Determines Death and Legal Status for Estate Purposes

Verified April 4, 2026 • 57th Legislature, 1st Regular Session

Arizona law establishes specific rules for proving that a person has died, including accepted medical standards, certified death certificates, and government records. When none of these are available, courts can rely on clear and convincing evidence. A person missing for five continuous years is presumed dead.

Title 14, GENERAL PROVISIONS, DEFINITIONS AND PROBATE JURISDICTION OF COURTS

azleg.gov

The Standard Methods of Proving Death

Before an estate can be administered, someone has to establish that the person actually died. That may sound obvious, but the law needs formal rules for it. A.R.S. 14-1107 lays out a tiered system for determining death and legal status in estate proceedings.

A certified or authenticated copy of a death certificate purporting to be issued by an official or agency of the place where the death purportedly occurred is prima facie evidence of the fact, place, date and time of death and the identity of the decedent.

A.R.S. § 14-1107(2)

A death certificate is the most common proof. The statute also accepts certified government records, domestic or foreign, that report a person as missing, detained, dead, or alive. These records serve as prima facie evidence, meaning they are accepted as sufficient proof unless someone presents evidence to the contrary.

When There Is No Death Certificate

Sometimes a death certificate is not available. In those cases, the fact of death can still be established through clear and convincing evidence, including circumstantial evidence. This covers situations like natural disasters, military service in combat zones, or other circumstances where a body is not recovered.

If no evidence of death exists at all, Arizona applies a five-year presumption. A person who has been absent for five continuous years, during which they have not been heard from and their absence cannot be satisfactorily explained after a diligent search, is presumed dead. The death is presumed to have occurred at the end of the five-year period unless evidence supports an earlier date.

A person whose death is not established under paragraphs 1 through 4, who is absent for a continuous period of five years, during which time that person has not been heard from, and whose absence is not satisfactorily explained after diligent search or inquiry is presumed to be dead.

A.R.S. § 14-1107(5)

The statute also ties into the 120-hour survival rule. A death certificate or government record showing a time of death at least 120 hours after another person's death establishes survival by clear and convincing evidence, which matters for inheritance order under related statutes.

In addition to the rules of evidence in courts of general jurisdiction, the following rules relating to a determination of death and status apply: 1. A determination of death must be made in accordance with accepted medical standards. 2. A certified or authenticated copy of a death certificate purporting to be issued by an official or agency of the place where the death purportedly occurred is prima facie evidence of the fact, place, date and time of death and the identity of the decedent. 3. A certified or authenticated copy of any record or report of a governmental agency, domestic or foreign, that a person is missing, detained, dead or alive is prima facie evidence of the status and of the dates, circumstances and places disclosed by the record or report. 4. In the absence of prima facie evidence of death under paragraph 2 or 3, the fact of death may be established by clear and convincing evidence, including circumstantial evidence. 5. A person whose death is not established under paragraphs 1 through 4, who is absent for a continuous period of five years, during which time that person has not been heard from, and whose absence is not satisfactorily explained after diligent search or inquiry is presumed to be dead. That person's death is presumed to have occurred at the end of the period unless there is sufficient evidence for determining that death occurred earlier. 6. In the absence of evidence disputing the time of death stated on a document described in paragraph 2 or 3, a document described in paragraph 2 or 3 that states a time of death one hundred twenty hours or more after the time of death of another person, however the time of death of the other person is determined, establishes by clear and convincing evidence that the person survived the other person by one hundred twenty hours.
View on azleg.gov

This page provides general legal information about Arizona statutes and is not legal advice. For guidance on how this law applies to your situation, speak with a qualified attorney.

Related Questions

What is probate, and how long does it take in Arizona?

Probate is a court-supervised process that validates a will, pays debts, and distributes assets. In Arizona, it typically takes 8 to 12 months and costs $10,000 to $15,000 in fees.

What happens if I die without a will in Arizona?

Without a will in Arizona, your assets are distributed according to state intestacy laws. The court decides who receives your property using a fixed formula based on family relationships.

Is there a deadline to file probate in Arizona?

Yes. A.R.S. 14-3108 sets a two-year deadline. Filing within two years gives the personal representative full powers. After two years, they can only confirm title to heirs and cannot possess assets or handle creditor claims.

Related Statutes

§ 14-2104The 120-Hour Survival Rule for Arizona Heirs
§ 14-1101Required Training for Arizona Judges Handling Estate and Trust Cases
§ 14-1102Purposes and Rules of Construction for Arizona Probate and Trust Law
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