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A.R.S. § 14-1107

How Arizona Determines Death and Legal Status for Estate Purposes

Verified April 4, 202657th Legislature, 1st Regular Session

This statute establishes specific rules for proving that a person has died. Accepted methods include medical standards, certified death certificates, and government records. When none of these are available, courts can rely on clear and convincing evidence. A person missing for five continuous years is presumed dead.

Title 14, GENERAL PROVISIONS, DEFINITIONS AND PROBATE JURISDICTION OF COURTS

azleg.gov

The Standard Methods of Proving Death

Before anyone can manage an estate, someone must prove that the person died. That may sound obvious, but Arizona law needs formal rules for it.

A.R.S. 14-1107 lays out a tiered system for proving death and legal status in probate.

A certified or authenticated copy of a death certificate purporting to be issued by an official or agency of the place where the death purportedly occurred is prima facie evidence of the fact, place, date and time of death and the identity of the decedent.

A.R.S. § 14-1107(2)

A death certificate is the most common proof. The statute also accepts certified government records that report a person's status.

These records serve as prima facie evidence. This means courts accept them as enough proof unless someone shows otherwise.

In Arizona, this applies to real estate, bank accounts, separate property, and all other assets the person owned.

When There Is No Death Certificate

Sometimes a death certificate is not available. In those cases, a party can prove the death through clear and convincing evidence. This includes circumstantial evidence from natural disasters or military combat zones.

If no evidence of death exists at all, Arizona law applies a five-year rule. The law presumes dead any person absent for five straight years with no contact. The search must have been diligent, and the absence must be unexplained.

A person whose death is not established under paragraphs 1 through 4, who is absent for a continuous period of five years, during which time that person has not been heard from, and whose absence is not satisfactorily explained after diligent search or inquiry is presumed to be dead.

A.R.S. § 14-1107(5)

The statute also ties into the 120-hour survival rule. A death certificate may show a time of death at least 120 hours after another person died. If so, that record proves survival by clear and convincing evidence.

This matters for inheritance order between a surviving spouse and other family members.

In addition to the rules of evidence in courts of general jurisdiction, the following rules relating to a determination of death and status apply: 1. A determination of death must be made in accordance with accepted medical standards. 2. A certified or authenticated copy of a death certificate purporting to be issued by an official or agency of the place where the death purportedly occurred is prima facie evidence of the fact, place, date and time of death and the identity of the decedent. 3. A certified or authenticated copy of any record or report of a governmental agency, domestic or foreign, that a person is missing, detained, dead or alive is prima facie evidence of the status and of the dates, circumstances and places disclosed by the record or report. 4. In the absence of prima facie evidence of death under paragraph 2 or 3, the fact of death may be established by clear and convincing evidence, including circumstantial evidence. 5. A person whose death is not established under paragraphs 1 through 4, who is absent for a continuous period of five years, during which time that person has not been heard from, and whose absence is not satisfactorily explained after diligent search or inquiry is presumed to be dead. That person's death is presumed to have occurred at the end of the period unless there is sufficient evidence for determining that death occurred earlier. 6. In the absence of evidence disputing the time of death stated on a document described in paragraph 2 or 3, a document described in paragraph 2 or 3 that states a time of death one hundred twenty hours or more after the time of death of another person, however the time of death of the other person is determined, establishes by clear and convincing evidence that the person survived the other person by one hundred twenty hours.

This page provides general legal information about Arizona statutes and is not legal advice. For guidance on how this law applies to your situation, speak with a qualified attorney.

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