The Standard Methods of Proving Death
Before an estate can be administered, someone has to establish that the person actually died. That may sound obvious, but the law needs formal rules for it. A.R.S. 14-1107 lays out a tiered system for determining death and legal status in estate proceedings.
A certified or authenticated copy of a death certificate purporting to be issued by an official or agency of the place where the death purportedly occurred is prima facie evidence of the fact, place, date and time of death and the identity of the decedent.
A.R.S. § 14-1107(2)A death certificate is the most common proof. The statute also accepts certified government records, domestic or foreign, that report a person as missing, detained, dead, or alive. These records serve as prima facie evidence, meaning they are accepted as sufficient proof unless someone presents evidence to the contrary.
When There Is No Death Certificate
Sometimes a death certificate is not available. In those cases, the fact of death can still be established through clear and convincing evidence, including circumstantial evidence. This covers situations like natural disasters, military service in combat zones, or other circumstances where a body is not recovered.
If no evidence of death exists at all, Arizona applies a five-year presumption. A person who has been absent for five continuous years, during which they have not been heard from and their absence cannot be satisfactorily explained after a diligent search, is presumed dead. The death is presumed to have occurred at the end of the five-year period unless evidence supports an earlier date.
A person whose death is not established under paragraphs 1 through 4, who is absent for a continuous period of five years, during which time that person has not been heard from, and whose absence is not satisfactorily explained after diligent search or inquiry is presumed to be dead.
A.R.S. § 14-1107(5)The statute also ties into the 120-hour survival rule. A death certificate or government record showing a time of death at least 120 hours after another person's death establishes survival by clear and convincing evidence, which matters for inheritance order under related statutes.