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A.R.S. § 14-9112

Who Is Liable When a Custodial Trust Owes a Debt or Causes Harm

Verified April 4, 2026 • 57th Legislature, 1st Regular Session

When a custodial trust is involved in a contract, property obligation, or injury, the claim generally goes against the trust property itself. The custodial trustee is not personally liable if they acted properly in their fiduciary role, and the beneficiary is not personally liable unless they were directly at fault.

Title 14, UNIFORM CUSTODIAL TRUST ACT

azleg.gov

Claims Against the Trust, Not the Individual

One of the most important questions in any trust arrangement is: who pays when something goes wrong? This statute draws a clear line. If a custodial trustee enters into a contract, incurs an obligation through managing trust property, or a tort occurs during administration, the claim is directed at the custodial trust property, not the trustee personally.

A claim based on a contract entered into by a custodial trustee acting in a fiduciary capacity, an obligation arising from the ownership or control of custodial trust property or a tort committed in the course of administering the custodial trust may be asserted by a third person against the custodial trust property by proceeding against the custodial trustee in a fiduciary capacity, whether or not the custodial trustee or the beneficiary is personally liable.

A.R.S. § 14-9112(A)

This structure protects the people involved in the trust while ensuring that legitimate claims against the trust can still be pursued.

Personal Liability Has Narrow Exceptions

A custodial trustee faces personal liability in only two situations: when they sign a contract without disclosing their fiduciary capacity, or when they are personally at fault for an injury or property obligation. If the trustee properly identifies themselves as acting for the custodial trust, their personal assets stay protected.

A custodial trustee is not personally liable to a third person on a contract properly entered into in a fiduciary capacity unless the custodial trustee fails to reveal that capacity or to identify the custodial trust in the contract.

A.R.S. § 14-9112(B)(1)

Beneficiaries receive similar protection. A beneficiary is not personally liable for trust-related obligations unless they are personally in possession of the property giving rise to the claim or are personally at fault. However, none of these protections block claims to the extent that liability insurance covers the trustee or beneficiary.

A. A claim based on a contract entered into by a custodial trustee acting in a fiduciary capacity, an obligation arising from the ownership or control of custodial trust property or a tort committed in the course of administering the custodial trust may be asserted by a third person against the custodial trust property by proceeding against the custodial trustee in a fiduciary capacity, whether or not the custodial trustee or the beneficiary is personally liable. B. A custodial trustee is not personally liable to a third person: 1. On a contract properly entered into in a fiduciary capacity unless the custodial trustee fails to reveal that capacity or to identify the custodial trust in the contract. 2. For an obligation arising from control of custodial trust property or for a tort committed in the course of the administration of the custodial trust unless the custodial trustee is personally at fault. C. A beneficiary is not personally liable to a third person for an obligation arising from beneficial ownership of custodial trust property or for a tort committed in the course of administration of the custodial trust unless the beneficiary is personally in possession of the custodial trust property giving rise to the liability or is personally at fault. D. Subsections B and C do not preclude actions or proceedings to establish liability of the custodial trustee or beneficiary to the extent the person sued is protected as the insured by liability insurance.
View on azleg.gov

This page provides general legal information about Arizona statutes and is not legal advice. For guidance on how this law applies to your situation, speak with a qualified attorney.

Related Questions

What does a trustee actually do?

A trustee manages trust assets according to the rules the trust creator set. While you are alive, you are typically both trustor and trustee. After you pass, your successor trustee distributes assets as instructed.

Should I use a bank or a professional fiduciary as my trustee?

Banks require $300K-$5M+ minimums and charge 0.5%-2% annual fees. Professional fiduciaries are licensed by the Arizona Supreme Court, charge $65-$250/hour, handle any estate size, and also serve as healthcare and financial POA.

What is a Revocable Living Trust and how does it work?

A Revocable Living Trust lets you transfer asset ownership into a trust you control during your lifetime. When you pass, a successor trustee distributes assets to beneficiaries without probate.

Related Statutes

§ 14-9101Key Definitions Under Arizona's Uniform Custodial Trust Act
§ 14-9102How to Create a Custodial Trust in Arizona
§ 14-9103Designating a Custodial Trustee for Future Payments in Arizona

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