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A.R.S. § 14-13115

Fiduciary Duties Over Digital Assets

Verified April 4, 202657th Legislature, 1st Regular Session

The same legal duties that apply to physical property also apply to digital assets. A fiduciary must follow the duty of care, loyalty, and privacy when handling digital property. Their power is limited by terms of service, copyright law, and the scope of their role.

Title 14, REVISED UNIFORM FIDUCIARY ACCESS TO DIGITAL ASSETS ACT

azleg.gov

The Same Standards Apply to Digital Property

This law makes a simple but key point. Managing someone's digital assets carries the same legal duties as managing their physical property. A trustee, personal representative, agent, or conservator must follow the duty of care, loyalty, and privacy.

Cutting corners with digital property can carry the same legal results as mishandling a bank account or a piece of real estate.

The legal duties imposed on a fiduciary charged with managing tangible property apply to the management of digital assets, including all of the following, if applicable: 1. The duty of care. 2. The duty of loyalty. 3. The duty of confidentiality.

A.R.S. § 14-13115(A)

The duty of privacy is especially important for digital assets. A fiduciary who gains access to email, social media, or cloud storage may find deeply personal data. The law requires the same care a fiduciary would apply to private financial records.

Limits on Fiduciary Power

Access does not mean total control. A fiduciary's power over digital assets is limited in several ways. It must follow the platform's terms of service, with few exceptions.

Copyright law also applies. The fiduciary cannot go beyond the scope of their role. And they may never post or act as if they were the user.

A fiduciary acting within the scope of the fiduciary's duties is an authorized user of the property of the decedent, protected person, principal or settlor for the purpose of applicable computer-fraud and unauthorized-computer-access laws, including section 13-2316.

A.R.S. § 14-13115(D)

This last rule is a practical shield. It confirms that accessing accounts within the scope of fiduciary duties does not break computer fraud laws. Without this protection, a successor trustee logging into a deceased person's accounts could face criminal charges.

A. The legal duties imposed on a fiduciary charged with managing tangible property apply to the management of digital assets, including all of the following, if applicable: 1. The duty of care. 2. The duty of loyalty. 3. The duty of confidentiality. B. A fiduciary's or designated recipient's authority with respect to a digital asset of a user: 1. Except as otherwise provided in section 14-13104, is subject to the applicable terms of service. 2. Is subject to other applicable law, including copyright law. 3. In the case of a fiduciary, is limited by the scope of the fiduciary's duties. 4. May not be used to impersonate the user. C. A fiduciary with authority over the property of a decedent, protected person, principal or settlor has the right to access any digital asset in which the decedent, protected person, principal or settlor had a right or interest and that is not held by a custodian or subject to a terms-of-service agreement. D. A fiduciary acting within the scope of the fiduciary's duties is an authorized user of the property of the decedent, protected person, principal or settlor for the purpose of applicable computer-fraud and unauthorized-computer-access laws, including section 13-2316. E. A fiduciary with authority over the tangible, personal property of a decedent, protected person, principal or settlor: 1. Has the right to access the property and any digital asset stored in it. 2. Is an authorized user for the purpose of computer-fraud and unauthorized-computer-access laws, including section 13-2316. F. A custodian may disclose information in an account to a fiduciary of the user when the information is required to terminate an account used to access digital assets licensed to the user. G. A fiduciary of a user may request a custodian to terminate the user's account. A request for termination must be in writing, in either physical or electronic form, and accompanied by all of the following: 1. If the user is deceased, a certified copy of the death certificate of the user. 2. A certified copy of the letter of appointment of the representative or a small-estate affidavit or court order, a copy of the trust instrument that gives the fiduciary authority, a certification of trust, a copy of the power of attorney or a court order. 3. If requested by the custodian any of the following: (a) A number, username, address or other unique subscriber or account identifier assigned by the custodian to identify the user's account. (b) Evidence linking the account to the user.

This page provides general legal information about Arizona statutes and is not legal advice. For guidance on how this law applies to your situation, speak with a qualified attorney.

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