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A.R.S. § 14-5304

Court Findings Before Appointing a Guardian

Verified April 4, 202657th Legislature, 1st Regular Session

Before appointing a guardian, the court must find by clear and convincing evidence that the person is incapacitated. The appointment must be needed to meet demonstrated needs. Those needs cannot be met through less restrictive options. The court may limit the guardian's powers and set time limits.

Title 14, PROTECTION OF PERSONS UNDER DISABILITY AND THEIR PROPERTY

azleg.gov

The Clear and Convincing Evidence Standard

The law does not take guardianship lightly. The court must find, by clear and convincing evidence, that three conditions exist. The person must be incapacitated. The appointment must meet demonstrated needs. Those needs cannot be met through less restrictive means, including appropriate technology.

The court may appoint a general or limited guardian as requested if the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that: 1. The person for whom a guardian is sought is incapacitated. 2. The appointment is necessary to provide for the demonstrated needs of the incapacitated person. 3. The person's needs cannot be met by less restrictive means, including the use of appropriate technological assistance.

A.R.S. § 14-5304(B)

This standard is deliberate. "Clear and convincing evidence" is a higher bar than the standard used in many civil cases. The court must be genuinely satisfied that guardianship is the right answer, not simply a convenient one.

Limited Guardianship and Built-In Boundaries

The court must encourage the incapacitated person's self-reliance and independence. This means it can appoint a limited guardian with specific powers. It does not have to grant full authority over all personal decisions.

The court may also set time limits on the guardianship and require periodic review.

A physician, psychologist, or registered nurse may evaluate the person. They submit a report on mental health, daily abilities, and medical care needs. Interested parties can present evidence at the hearing about the person's condition.

The law also requires fingerprinting of proposed guardians for criminal background checks. Licensed fiduciaries and employees of financial institutions are exempt.

If the guardianship is not based solely on physical incapacity, the court reports it to the national background check system.

A durable power of attorney and healthcare directive can often help families avoid the guardianship process. These documents let you choose who acts on your behalf, on your terms.

A. In exercising its appointment authority pursuant to this chapter, the court shall encourage the development of maximum self-reliance and independence of the incapacitated person. B. The court may appoint a general or limited guardian as requested if the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that: 1. The person for whom a guardian is sought is incapacitated. 2. The appointment is necessary to provide for the demonstrated needs of the incapacitated person. 3. The person's needs cannot be met by less restrictive means, including the use of appropriate technological assistance. C. In conformity with the evidence regarding the extent of the ward's incapacity, the court may appoint a limited guardian and specify time limits on the guardianship and limitations on the guardian's powers. D. The guardian shall file an acceptance of appointment with the appointing court. E. The court may require each person who seeks appointment as a guardian to furnish a full set of fingerprints to enable the court to conduct a criminal background investigation. F. The court shall make a specific finding as to whether the appointment of a guardian is due solely to the ward's physical incapacity. G. Unless the court makes a specific finding that the appointment of a guardian is due solely to the ward's physical incapacity, at the time of appointing a guardian, the court shall transmit the ward's information to the supreme court for the national instant criminal background check system. H. If a petition for guardianship is withdrawn or denied, the court may order public access to the file be prohibited absent a subsequent court order.

This page provides general legal information about Arizona statutes and is not legal advice. For guidance on how this law applies to your situation, speak with a qualified attorney.

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